SavePlanethEarth一个全球碳封存项目

时间：2021年5月24日

地点：明煌研究院社区

主题：明煌研究院，Mogul联合举办了AMA活动

嘉宾：Aaron Bernhardt

内容:拯救地球是一个全球碳封存项目

AMA内容提纲

(嘉宾个人介绍)

Hi everyone, thank you for having me. My name is Aaron Bernhardt. I graduated from Florida State University in 2016 with a degree in Information Systems, since then I have worked on various enterprise-level software projects. I started seriously looking at cryptocurrency in 2017, and later met Imran in February of 2021. We launched SPE to use cryptocurrency to help fight climate change. Imran Ali, the founder of Save Planet Earth has 10+ years of experience in the Environmental sector, and many connections to NGOs.

大家好，谢谢你邀请我。我叫艾伦·伯恩哈特。2016年，我毕业于佛罗里达州立大学，获得了信息系统专业的学位，从那时起，我就开始从事各种企业级的软件项目。我从2017年开始认真研究加密货币，后来在2021年2月遇到了伊姆兰。我们推出了SPE，以使用加密货币来帮助对抗气候变化。伊姆兰·阿里，“拯救地球星球”组织的创始人，在环境部门有10年的经验，并与非政府组织有许多联系。

AMA内容问题和答案

Q1.What does SPE do? How do you fight climate change?

Q1.SPE会做什么？你如何应对气候变化？

SavePlanetEarth is a global carbon sequestration project. What this means is, we want to take carbon out of the atmosphere and put it back in the ground, where it does not contribute to global warming through greenhouse-gas effects. We do this by funding and participating in all sorts of carbon sequestration projects. At the moment this includes tree-planting projects in especially threatened areas. We help negotiate these deals, help supply with logistics and materials, and provide a vehicle for the average investor to invest in the planet and fight climate change.

拯救地球是一个全球碳封存项目。这意味着，我们想从大气中去除碳，并把它放回地下，在那里它不会通过温室气体效应导致全球变暖。我们通过资助和参与各种碳封存项目来做到这一点。目前，这包括在特别受威胁的地区的植树项目。我们帮助谈判这些交易，帮助供应物流和材料，并为普通投资者提供投资地球和对抗气候变化的工具。

We fight climate change by participating in and funding carbon sequestration projects globally. While there are many types of carbon sequestration methods available, such as using algae in the ocean or modifying agricultural methods, planting trees is the most visible and accessible for the time being and has a direct impact on the local area. Our vision is already taking hold; this is evidenced by our current deals in Sri Lanka and the Maldives, resulting in over 101,000,000 trees being pledged, planted and monitored. We accomplished this while only being a little over a month old, not to mention Covid restrictions that are in place. As we grow as a company and project, we plan to add renewable energy projects to our portfolio and participate in policy-action wherever possible.

我们通过参与和资助全球的碳封存项目来应对气候变化。虽然有许多类型的碳封存方法，如在海洋中使用藻类或修改农业方法，但目前植树是最明显和最容易获得的，并对当地有直接影响。我们的愿景已经实现了；我们目前在斯里兰卡和马尔代夫的交易就证明了这一点，导致超过10100万棵树被抵押、种植和监测。我们只在一个多月大的时候就完成了这一点，更不用说对新冠病毒的限制了。随着我们作为一个公司和项目的成长，我们计划将可再生能源项目添加到我们的投资组合中，并尽可能参与政策行动。

Q2.Why did you start this project?

Q2.您为什么要开始执行这个项目？

Humans are impacting the environment. We often see news stories and articles about the next deleterious event happening to the environment. In the 70’s, it was the Ozone hole over Australia from CFCs. At the time, Australians in the affected area couldn’t even go outside for a few minutes without getting a sunburn. In our present day, we have multiple issues of similar severity. CO2 in the atmosphere is causing temperatures and ocean levels to rise, and industry is constantly destroying the environment. Impacts of these effects will be felt in the near future - for example, the wet bulb temperature in the Middle East will increase, making it completely inhospitable if action is not taken. Millions of people’s homes, jobs, and children are at risk from rising ocean levels. Places that are especially at risk are low-elevation countries and cities, such as Sri Lanka, many areas in Southeast Asia, The Maldives, and Miami, FL in the USA to name a few. If climate-induced displacement of these peoples happens, the effects will be catastrophic. We do not wish to live in a world at risk of destruction, and this prompted us to start this project.

人类正在影响到环境。我们经常看到关于在环境中发生的下一个有害事件的新闻故事和文章。在70年代，这是从氯氟烃出发，在澳大利亚上空的臭氧洞。当时，受影响地区的澳大利亚人甚至几分钟都不会被晒伤。在我们今天，我们有多个类似严重性的问题。大气中的二氧化碳正在导致温度和海平面上升，工业正在不断地破坏环境。这些影响的影响将在不久的将来被感受到——例如，中东的湿球温度将会上升，如果不采取行动，就会完全不适宜居住。数百万人的家庭、工作岗位和儿童都面临着海平面上升的风险。特别危险的地方是低海拔的国家和城市，如斯里兰卡、东南亚的许多地区、马尔代夫和美国佛罗里达州的迈阿密等等。如果气候引起的这些民族流离失所，其影响将是灾难性的。我们不希望生活在一个面临破坏危险的世界里，这促使我们开始了这个项目。

Q3.Why blockchain? Doesn’t bitcoin mining use a lot of electricity?

Q3.为什么要选择区块链？比特币开采不使用大量的电力吗？

Blockchain is an innovative solution to centralized banking. We chose blockchain technology because of its worldwide accessibility and the fact that it’s an innovative technology. While it’s not mature yet, there are many blockchains being developed and it’s an exciting new technology.

区块链是一个针对集中式银行业务的创新解决方案。我们选择区块链技术是因为它在全球的可访问性，而且它是一项创新技术。虽然它还没有成熟，但仍有许多区块链正在开发中，这是一项令人兴奋的新技术。

By using blockchain, we become instantly accessible to anyone around the globe; There’s immense growth potential once blockchains become more adopted. Also, the NFT system itself allows for innovative mechanisms for carbon credit binding. Planted trees can be monitored and bound to an NFT, which essentially is a form of carbon credit. The only thing lacking is the certification, but we are in progress with carbon credit certification.

通过使用区块链，我们可以让全球任何人即时访问；一旦区块链更加被采用，我们将具有巨大的增长潜力。此外，NFT系统本身也允许实现碳信用绑定的创新机制。种植的树木可以被监测和绑定到一个NFT，这本质上是碳信用的一种形式。唯一缺乏的是认证，但我们正在进行碳信用认证。

We understand that certain blockchains use a large amount of energy, which translates into a sizable carbon footprint. Indeed, Bitcoin mining has recently become a hotly debated topic, garnering the attention from around the world because of Elon Musk’s tweets about the environmental impact. For example, the CBECI (Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index) reports that electricity consumption for Bitcoin operation is anywhere from 45 to 500 Terawatt-hours. It should be noted this is still less than the current commercial banking industry, although these numbers are difficult to estimate.

我们了解到，某些区块链使用大量的能量，这可以转化为相当大的碳足迹。事实上，比特币开采最近已经成为一个备受争论的话题，因为埃隆·马斯克关于环境影响的推文而引起了世界各地的关注。例如，CBECI（剑桥比特币电力消耗指数）报告说，比特币操作的电力消耗时间在45到500太瓦时之间。应该指出的是，这仍然低于目前的商业银行业，尽管这些数字难以估计。

These are problems with Bitcoin though, and we want to make it very clear that we are on the Binance Smart Chain (BSC); not on the Bitcoin blockchain. How is this relevant to the question? It has to deal with how transactions are verified on the blockchain, otherwise known as consensus algorithms or consensus mechanisms. While a deep dive into the software aspects is outside the scope of this discussion, I will provide top-level explanation to the best of my ability.

不过，这些都是比特币的问题，我们想非常清楚地表明，我们是在绑定智能链(BSC)上；而不是在比特币区块链上。这与这个问题有什么关系？它必须处理如何在区块链上验证事务，也被称为共识算法或共识机制。虽然深入研究软件方面已经超出了本次讨论的范围，但我将尽力提供最好的解释。

There are many consensus mechanisms. Bitcoin uses Proof of Work (PoW). Essentially, different computers who have the blockchain software installed (a bitcoin “node”) use computing power electricity to solve complex algorithms (a “hash”). When the algorithm is solved, transaction blocks are validated on the blockchain, and new bitcoins are minted. This is the process that causes Bitcoin’s immense usage of power.

有许多达成共识的机制。比特币使用工作证明(PoW)。从本质上说，安装了区块链软件的不同计算机（比特币“节点”）使用计算电能来解决复杂算法（“哈希”）。当算法解决后，在区块链上验证交易块，并铸造新的比特币。这就是导致比特币大量使用权力的过程。

Proof of Stake is a different consensus mechanism. Instead of computing power, a node can stake a certain amount of an asset and be selected to help validate transactions on the blockchain. Validators are selected arbitrarily depending on the blockchain’s consensus algorithm, and the reliance on arbitrary election versus Proof of Work significantly reduces energy consumption.

证据证明是一种不同的共识机制。节点可以没有计算能力，而可以持有一定数量的资产，并选择来帮助验证区块链上的事务。验证器根据区块链的共识算法任意选择验证器，对任意选择与工作证明的依赖大大降低了能源消耗。

The BSC uses a hybrid system called Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA). The specifics of how PoSA work are similar to PoS, with some changes. It is this mechanism that allows BSC to operate much more energy-efficiently than other blockchains, and one of the reasons we chose BSC. We also chose BSC because of its popularity and ease of access to the average investor. It is a worldwide ledger system, allowing access to anybody without sluggish overhead from centralised banking authorities. In the future, it will help us fund more and more projects.

BSC使用了一种叫做股份授权证明(PoSA)的混合系统。PoSA如何工作的细节与PoS相似，但也有了一些变化。正是这种机制允许BSC比其他区块链更高效地运行，这也是我们选择BSC的原因之一。我们选择BSC也是因为它很受欢迎，而且很容易接近普通投资者。这是一个全球范围内的分类帐系统，允许任何人使用中央银行当局的缓慢开销。在未来，它将帮助我们资助越来越多的项目。

Q4.Can you please elaborate on the carbon credit system?

Q4.你能详细说明一下碳信用体系吗？

A 'Cap and Trade' carbon market sets a limit on the amount of GHG emissions each polluter can emit.

上限与贸易”碳市场对每个污染者的GHG排放量设定了限制。

In a regulated market these emitters can either purchase the offsets or reduce their total emissions . By growing trees as a beyond a ‘business as usual’ scenario that have a negative carbon footprint, these organisations can meet their obligations by purchasing the offset certificates from SPE.

在受管制的市场上，这些发射器可以购买补偿物，或减少其总排放量。通过将树木作为一种超越“照常经营”的环境来种植，这些组织可以通过从SPE购买抵消证书来履行他们的义务。

SPE is working with Carbon Funds and verification bodies to trade these credits to the voluntary market. We are also in discussion with insurance companies to mitigate risks to the assets from ‘Acts of God’ as well as holding a buffer of certificates and other controls. There is still a lot to do such as creating a carbon baseline (currently underway), documentation, verification and carbon modelling before we can sell these offsets but we aim to make it a priority.

SPE正在与碳基金和验证机构合作，将这些信贷转向自愿市场。我们还在与保险公司讨论，以减轻“上帝行为”的资产风险，并持有证书和其他控制。还有很多事情要做，比如创建一个碳基线（目前正在进行中）、文档、验证和碳建模，但我们的目标是把它作为一个优先事项。

Q5.What is your current progress?

Q5.您当前的进展如何？

The trees are currently being planted/planned in the UNESCO Heritage Knuckles Mountain Range in Sri Lanka and in over 2000 islands in The Maldives. When we contract with the associated entities, we provide the saplings/plants, logistics, capital, and other resources necessary for monitoring, while the contracted organisations participate in the monitoring and upkeep of the saplings. For example, our first planting initiative with the UN affiliated Peoples Livelihood community were Kitul plants. Kitul plants sequester carbon and provide revenue to the community because these are trees that provide fruit and raw materials. We select these and other non-invasive species from collaboration with the local scientists and farmers. We also have signed a deal with the Sri Lankan government for 100,000,000 trees, with the initiation ceremony tentatively on June 5th.

这些树木目前正在联合国教科文组织的遗产指节山脉和马尔代夫的2000多个岛屿上种植/计划种植。当我们与相关实体签订合同时，我们会提供树苗/植物、物流、资本和其他必要的监测资源，而签约组织则会参与树苗的监测和维护。例如，我们与联合国附属的人民生计社区发起的第一个种植倡议是基图尔植物。Kitul植物隔离碳，并为社区提供收入，因为这些树可以提供水果和原材料。我们从与当地科学家和农民的合作中选择这些物种和其他非入侵物种。我们还与斯里兰卡政府签署了一项购买10000万棵树的协议，启动仪式暂定于6月5日举行。

Q6.How can tree progress and planting be monitored?

Q6.如何监控树木的进度和种植？

We are currently working on an app to allow users to monitor green canopy cover, which is a primary indicator for tree growth. We also protect the saplings and place wire meshes around them, so they are not eaten by the wildlife. This app will include GPS coordinates and location, satellite imagery, and predictive AI analytics to monitor canopy growth, cover, and health. This app will also include NFT functionality for carbon credit binding.

我们目前正在开发一款应用程序，让用户监控绿色树冠覆盖，这是树木生长的主要指标。我们还保护这些树苗，并在它们周围放置铁丝网，这样它们就不会被野生动物吃掉。这个应用程序将包括GPS坐标和位置、卫星图像和预测人工智能分析，以监测树冠的生长、覆盖和健康状况。这个应用程序还将包括NFT的碳信用绑定功能。

Q7.How can the average person get involved?

Q7.这个普通人怎么能参与其中呢？

It is important to note now that the harm is done (large levels of emissions) the salvage operations are equally huge and look insurmountable.? SPE has realised that a new initiative is required since almost all the global initiatives seem to have failed humankind.? SPE wants to see the involvement of the PEOPLE.? Everyone can literally join our physical efforts or fund the effort. By buying SPE it raises the awareness of the predicament our future generations are facing with Climate Change and Global Warming.

值得注意的是，现在危害已经造成（大量排放），救助作业同样巨大，看起来不可逾越。SPE已经意识到，需要一项新的倡议，因为几乎所有的全球倡议似乎都使人类失败了。SPE希望看到人民的参与。每个人都可以加入我们的体力努力或资助这些努力。通过购买SPE，它提高了人们对我们后代在气候变化和全球变暖面临的困境的认识。

Q8.What are your future plans?

Q8.你未来的计划是什么？

Tree planting is only the beginning. Future goals include adding a carbon credit exchange to our platform, and becoming a carbon credit asset. We also are adding renewable energy projects to our portfolio as a way to reward holders, and help mitigate climate change. There are other methods of carbon sequestration available too - namely agricultural methods and algae sequestration in the ocean. We will be moving into these areas, as we want to use every resource available to us to help mitigate global warming.

植树只是一个开始。未来的目标包括在我们的平台上增加碳信用交换，并成为碳信贷资产。我们还将可再生能源项目加入投资组合，以奖励持有人，并帮助缓解气候变化。还有其他的碳封存方法——即农业方法和海洋中的藻类封存。我们将进入这些领域，因为我们希望利用所有可用的资源来帮助缓解全球变暖。

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编译者/作者：明煌研究院

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