以太坊搭建私有链

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在以太坊上部署智能合约、发起交易需要花费以太币。而私链和公有链没有关系，不用同步大量的数据，也不用花钱购买以太币，可以很好的满足智能合约的开发和测试要求，而且在私有链上开发的智能合约可以很容易的部署到以太坊的公有链上。

安装命令：

$ axel https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.9.linux-amd64.tar.gz $ tar -C /usr/local -zxvf go1.9.linux-amd64.tar.gz $ mkdir -p ~/work/golang/src $ echo "export GOPATH=$HOME/work/golang" >> ~/.bashrc $ echo "export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin:/usr/local/go/bin" >> ~/.bashrc $ source ~/.bashrc $ go version

Go-Ethereum是由以太坊基金会提供的官方客户端软件。它是用Go编程语言编写的，简称Geth

github地址：https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum

安装过程：

$ git clone https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum.git $ cd go-ethereum $ git checkout v1.7.2$ make geth $ make$ make build/env.sh go run build/ci.go install ./cmd/geth>>> /usr/local/go/bin/go install -ldflags -X main.gitCommit=1db4ecdc0b9e828ff65777fb466fc7c1d04e0de9 -v ./cmd/geth Done building.Run "/home/fc/work/geth/go-ethereum/build/bin/geth" to launch geth.

$ sudo apt-get install solidity

$ sudo npm install -g solc

$ mkdir privatechain

$ ~/work/geth/go-ethereum/build/bin/geth --networkid 123 --dev --datadir data1 --rpc --rpcaddr 192.168.1.102 --rpcport 8989 --port 3000

各项参数含义：

• --identityid:指定节点ID

• --dev：开发环境

• --datadir：指定区块链数据存放的位置

• --rpc: 开启HTTP-RPC服务

• --rpcaddr：HTTP-RPC的ip地址

• --rpcport：指定HTTP-RPC服务器的端口地址（默认为：8545）

• --port：指定其他节点连接时所用的端口好（默认为30303）

• --nodiscover:关闭节点发现机制，防止加入有同样初始配置的陌生节点

具体操作：

$ ~/work/geth/go-ethereum/build/bin/geth --networkid 123 --dev --datadir data1 --rpc --rpcaddr 192.168.1.102 --rpcport 8989 --port 3000WARN [07-08|13:40:48] No etherbase set and no accounts found as defaultINFO [07-08|13:40:48] Starting peer-to-peer node instance=Geth/v1.7.2-stable-1db4ecdc/linux-amd64/go1.9INFO [07-08|13:40:48] Allocated cache and file handles database=/home/fc/work/geth/privatechain/data1/geth/chaindata cache=128 handles=1024INFO [07-08|13:40:48] Writing custom genesis block INFO [07-08|13:40:48] Initialised chain configuration config="{ChainID: 1337 Homestead: 0 DAO: <nil> DAOSupport: false EIP150: 0 EIP155: 0 EIP158: 0 Byzantium: 0 Engine: ethash}"WARN [07-08|13:40:48] Ethash used in test mode INFO [07-08|13:40:48] Initialising Ethereum protocol versions="[63 62]" network=123INFO [07-08|13:40:48] Loaded most recent local header number=0 hash=e5be92…38f3bc td=131072INFO [07-08|13:40:48] Loaded most recent local full block number=0 hash=e5be92…38f3bc td=131072INFO [07-08|13:40:48] Loaded most recent local fast block number=0 hash=e5be92…38f3bc td=131072INFO [07-08|13:40:48] Regenerated local transaction journal transactions=0 accounts=0INFO [07-08|13:40:48] Starting P2P networking INFO [07-08|13:40:48] started whisper v.5.0INFO [07-08|13:40:48] RLPx listener up self="enode://88c8d51604ea22a813fe8fc28d6d45bb596e4770db7cd5fcaa0805358309271cda50249a5b454c122c8166b7ef50291683d5f6fbdc22e2a2767e35979b825a55@[::]:41891 discport=0"INFO [07-08|13:40:48] IPC endpoint opened: /home/fc/work/geth/privatechain/data1/geth.ipc INFO [07-08|13:40:48] HTTP endpoint opened: http://192.168.1.102:8989INFO [07-08|13:40:50] Mapped network port proto=tcp extport=41891 intport=41891 interface="UPNP IGDv1-IP1"

打开一个新的终端输入打开geth终端

$ cd ~/work/geth/privatechain/data1 $ ~/work/geth/go-ethereum/build/bin/geth attach ipc:geth.ipc$ ~/work/geth/go-ethereum/build/bin/geth attach ipc:geth.ipc Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!instance: Geth/v1.7.2-stable-1db4ecdc/linux-amd64/go1.9 modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 shh:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0>>

geth终端打开后便可以进行相关操作：

• 查看当前账户列表：personal.listAccounts

• 新建账号（account为账户密码）：personal.newAccount("account1")

• 查看某一个账户：personal.listAccounts[0]

>> personal.listAccounts[]> personal.newAccount("account1")"0x6c4ac6e04d033b050f08158fcde28d341e297aae"> personal.listAccounts["0x6c4ac6e04d033b050f08158fcde28d341e297aae"]> personal.newAccount("account2")"0x2a7760e97d3142088b7419d0e1e9223946ab03de"> personal.listAccounts["0x6c4ac6e04d033b050f08158fcde28d341e297aae", "0x2a7760e97d3142088b7419d0e1e9223946ab03de"]> personal.listAccounts[0]"0x6c4ac6e04d033b050f08158fcde28d341e297aae"> personal.listAccounts[1]"0x2a7760e97d3142088b7419d0e1e9223946ab03de"

• 查看账户余额：eth.getBalance("0x6c4ac6e04d033b050f08158fcde28d341e297aae")

• 开始挖矿： miner.start()

• 停止挖矿： miner.stop()

> eth.getBalance("0x6c4ac6e04d033b050f08158fcde28d341e297aae")0> miner.start()null> miner.stop()true> eth.getBalance("0x6c4ac6e04d033b050f08158fcde28d341e297aae")96000000000000000000> eth.getBalance("0x2a7760e97d3142088b7419d0e1e9223946ab03de")0

下面进行转账操作：

• 解锁账户(密码为：account1)： personal.unlockAccount("0x6c4ac6e04d033b050f08158fcde28d341e297aae")

• 设置amount：amount = web3.toWei(5,'ether')

• 转账：eth.sendTransaction({from:personal.listAccounts[0],to:personal.listAccounts[1],value:amount})

• 查看状态：txpool.status

• 查看区块状态： eth.getBlock("pending",true)

• 查看当前区块：eth.blockNumber

• 查看交易(传入交易后的哈希值)：eth.getTransaction("0x6508f37684a20ce34af973ae321762aad43495e83414e2ff57f1dfe6b4dca087")

> personal.unlockAccount("0x6c4ac6e04d033b050f08158fcde28d341e297aae")Unlock account 0x6c4ac6e04d033b050f08158fcde28d341e297aaePassphrase:true> amount = web3.toWei(5,'ether')"5000000000000000000"eth.sendTransaction({from:personal.listAccounts[0],to:personal.listAccounts[1],value:amount})"0x6508f37684a20ce34af973ae321762aad43495e83414e2ff57f1dfe6b4dca087"> txpool.status{ pending: 1, queued: 0}> eth.getBlock("pending",true){ difficulty: 133120, extraData: "0xd583010702846765746885676f312e39856c696e7578", gasLimit: 4712388, gasUsed: 21000, hash: null, logsBloom: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", miner: null, mixHash: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", nonce: null, number: 33, parentHash: "0x0de4b23162ed73ca8977a64341a266ac3e17f7a85ceb3b9a5c6def2e8f996999", receiptsRoot: "0x056b23fbba480696b65fe5a59b8f2148a1299103c4f57df839233af2cf4ca2d2", sha3Uncles: "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347", size: 644, stateRoot: "0x4ff33dcfbc06a005835d0bd84ab9e16096f611274099d6d82ecc8fbdcb2d8b0a", timestamp: 1531029456, totalDifficulty: 0, transactions: [{ blockHash: "0xd5fd41e3f3d55ea40768410b1d875269e71e452fc4df17bd0d90a28486ffb192", blockNumber: 33, from: "0x6c4ac6e04d033b050f08158fcde28d341e297aae", gas: 90000, gasPrice: 0, hash: "0x6508f37684a20ce34af973ae321762aad43495e83414e2ff57f1dfe6b4dca087", input: "0x", nonce: 0, r: "0x2f243e1ea33b8fe67109e4fc64bdb490b7f7cd951259c9c8707651b774438711", s: "0x55c70724cb1ace94df2dc0faae121a6836e42f76af5e33407df75224acc769c5", to: "0x2a7760e97d3142088b7419d0e1e9223946ab03de", transactionIndex: 0, v: "0xa96", value: 5000000000000000000 }], transactionsRoot: "0x36491bb2960150bd17acbb9aaec2e728c871a9609e066c22d4a441686425c7a4", uncles: []}> miner.start()null> miner.stop()true> txpool.status{ pending: 0, queued: 0}> eth.getBlock("pending",true){ difficulty: 131584, extraData: "0xd583010702846765746885676f312e39856c696e7578", gasLimit: 4712388, gasUsed: 0, hash: null, logsBloom: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", miner: null, mixHash: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", nonce: null, number: 41, parentHash: "0x06923121f1d1062533212d9ce72e946df498eadcebadf4d9f3e80300820b7c4c", receiptsRoot: "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421", sha3Uncles: "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347", size: 533, stateRoot: "0x5992d971978ee2471205d07d2d4fabb7f3037c207457da7a66926c8f7203f074", timestamp: 1531031421, totalDifficulty: 0, transactions: [], transactionsRoot: "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421", uncles: []}> eth.getBalance("0x2a7760e97d3142088b7419d0e1e9223946ab03de")5000000000000000000> eth.getTransaction("0x6508f37684a20ce34af973ae321762aad43495e83414e2ff57f1dfe6b4dca087"){ blockHash: "0xa67a234188cf4ff99f40785ec1fcd8711366a2da2728afec43542064a9f1a26a", blockNumber: 33, from: "0x6c4ac6e04d033b050f08158fcde28d341e297aae", gas: 90000, gasPrice: 0, hash: "0x6508f37684a20ce34af973ae321762aad43495e83414e2ff57f1dfe6b4dca087", input: "0x", nonce: 0, r: "0x2f243e1ea33b8fe67109e4fc64bdb490b7f7cd951259c9c8707651b774438711", s: "0x55c70724cb1ace94df2dc0faae121a6836e42f76af5e33407df75224acc769c5", to: "0x2a7760e97d3142088b7419d0e1e9223946ab03de", transactionIndex: 0, v: "0xa96", value: 5000000000000000000}

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编译者/作者：链客区块链技术问

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